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The Good Book in Early A.A. |
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Alcoholics Anonymous & Alcoholics Anonymous History (A.A. History): Titles and Articles by Dick B. The site includes: (1) Alcoholics Anonymous History (A.A. History); (2) Early A.A.'s biblical roots and successes; (3) Order Form for Dick B.'s 29 books; (4) Dick B.’s A.A. articles, audio talks, audio blogs, and radio presentations on A.A.'s spiritual sources; (5) Results of 19 years of research on 12 Step Christian origins; (6) Our Sponsors: Treatment Centers and Recovery Books and Gifts; and (7) Links, Archives, and Resources. |
What Early A.A. Was Really Like
Alcoholics Anonymous, Alcoholics Anonymous History, Bill W., and Dr. Bob. This A.A. history web site focuses particularly on the roles God, Jesus Christ, and the Bible had in early A.A.’s astonishing, documented, 75% and 93% success rates (in Akron and Cleveland, respectively) among “seemingly-hopeless,” “medically-incurable,” alcoholics who really tried to establish or re-establish their relationship with the God of the Bible through His Son Jesus Christ.
The Success of Early A.A. as Reported in
Alcoholics Anonymous
“Of alcoholics who came to A.A. and really tried, 50% got sober at once and remained that way; 25% sobered up after some relapses, and among the remainder, those who stayed on with A.A. showed improvement.” [Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How Many Thousands of Men and Women Have Recovered from Alcoholism, 4th ed. (New York, N.Y.: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc., 2001), page xx.]
The Alcoholics Anonymous Original “Program”
as Was Reported by Frank Amos in
DR. BOB and the Good Oldtimers
· An alcoholic must realize that he is an alcoholic, incurable from a medical viewpoint, and that he must never drink anything with alcohol in it.
· He must surrender himself absolutely to God, realizing that in himself there is no hope.
· Not only must he want to stop drinking permanently, he must remove from his life other sins such as hatred, adultery, and others which frequently accompany alcoholism. Unless he will do this absolutely, Smith and his associates refuse to work with him.
· He must have devotions every morning–a “quiet time” of prayer and some reading from the Bible and other religious literature. Unless this is faithfully followed, there is grave danger of backsliding.
· He must be willing to help other alcoholics get straightened out. This throws up a protective barrier and strengthens his own willpower and convictions.
· It is important, but not vital, that he meet frequently with other reformed alcoholics and form both a social and a religious comradeship.
· Important, but not vital, that he attend some religious service at least once weekly. [DR. BOB and the Good Oldtimers (New York, N.Y.: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc, 1980), 131.]
Much of this information you won't find in A.A.'s basic text (Alcoholics Anonymous) today or in our Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. But the simplicity of the original, early Alcoholics Anonymous Society (A.A.) will really astound you! And we are here speaking about the pioneer A.A. Christian Fellowship in Akron that--at the hands of Bill W. and Dr. Bob--developed A.A.’s spiritual program of recovery and was led by Akron physician Dr. Bob by common consent. This Akron “Program”—with its five required elements and two optional ones--was thoroughly investigated, and reported on to John D. Rockefeller, Jr., by Rockefeller’s agent, Frank Amos, who soon became one of A.A.’s first nonalcoholic trustees. [See DR. BOB and the Good Oldtimers (New York, N.Y.: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc., 1980), 128-36—especially 131.]
How It Worked
Abstinence was Number One. Usually there was hospitalization or at least medical help to save the newcomer's life. At the hospital, the only reading material allowed in the room was the Bible. Recovered Alcoholics Anonymous drunks visited the patient and told their success stories. Dr. Bob visited daily. And he would explain the “disease” or “illness,” as it was then understood. The newcomer had to identify as an alcoholic, admit that he too was licked, and declare that he would do whatever it took to recover.
Reliance on the Creator was Number Two. DR. BOB and the Good Oldtimers records on page 144 the statement of Clarence S. (who brought A.A. to Cleveland) as to how A.A. cofounder Dr. Bob talked with him about God while he (Clarence) was still in the hospital:
“Then he [Dr. Bob] asked, ‘Do you believe in God, young fella?’ (He always called me ‘young fella.’ When he called me Clarence, I knew I was in trouble.)
“‘What does that have to do with it?’
“‘Everything,’ he said.
“‘I guess I do.’
“‘Guess, nothing! Either you do or you don’t.’
“‘Yes, I do.’
“‘That’s fine,’ Dr. Bob replied. ‘Now we’re getting someplace. All right, get out of bed and on your knees. We’re going to pray.’
“‘I don’t know how to pray.’
“‘I guess you don’t, but that’s all right. Just follow what I say, and that will do for now.
“‘I did what I was ordered to do,” Clarence said. “There was no suggestion.”
The Alcoholics Anonymous newcomer would very soon be given the opportunity to “surrender” upstairs in the home of an Akron AA. This “surrender” involved the newcomer’s confessing Jesus Christ as his personal Lord and Savior in a prayer session resembling what is described in James 5:14-16. (This confession of Christ by which the newcomer became born again has been confirmed as a “must” by four different and well-known A.A. old-timers—J. D. Holmes, Clarence Snyder, Larry Bauer, and Ed Andy.) At the time of the newcomer’s “surrender,” the "elders" (usually Dr. Bob, T. Henry Williams, and one other person) prayed with the newcomer that God would take alcohol out of his life, and joined him in asking God that he (God) would guide the newcomer so that he might live according to God's will.
Obedience to God’s will was Number Three. Successful Alcoholics Anonymous members in Akron during the early years were expected to walk in love and to eliminate sinful conduct from their lives. Many newcomers were too sick to venture far from Akron; so they lived with the Smiths (and later others) in Akron homes. Early A.A. members who recovered from alcoholism with the help of Dr. Bob and other Akron AAs did not do so in an afternoon or in four easy lessons. They shook. They shivered. They fidgeted. They forgot. They were ashamed, insecure, and guilt-ridden. But they learned from the Good Book what a loving God had made available to them and that obedience to God’s will was the key to receiving it.
Growth in Fellowship with their Heavenly Father was Number Four. At the homes in Akron, AAs had daily Quiet Time. This included Bible study, prayer, asking guidance from God, reading a devotional, and discussing selections from Anne Smith’s journal. They shared their woes and problems with Dr. Bob, with Anne (his wife), and with Henrietta Seiberling. They also had personal Quiet Times at their homes and elsewhere when they were not together with other AAs. Alcoholics Anonymous members had one meeting a week. There were no “drunkalogs.” There was no “whining.” There was no “psychobabble.” They prayed, read from the Bible, and had Quiet Time. They used The Upper Room or similar devotionals for discussion.
Intensive help for other alcoholics was the Fifth element. Following the surrender of newcomers upstairs at the weekly meetings, announcements were made downstairs about Alcoholics Anonymous newcomers who had been placed at hospitals. Religious comradeship and attendance at a church of choice were the two recommended, but not required, elements of the Akron program. Socializing followed an A.A. meeting. And it started all over again. There were sessions with Dr. Bob involving doing a moral inventory (which related to adhering to the Four Absolutes—honest, purity, unselfishness, and love), confession, prayer to have the sins removed, and plans for restitution.
What Happened?
Did the Akron program work? You bet it did. Alcoholics Anonymous in Akron achieved a documented, 75% success rate among the "seemingly-hopeless," “medically-incurable” alcoholics who really tried. That success was primarily among Akron A.A. members. And the fact that they had been cured by the power of God was widely publicized across America. Soon, Dr. Bob’s sponsee, Clarence S., brought the Akron program to Cleveland and achieved a documented, 93% success rate in Cleveland.
The same God (the Creator of the heavens and the earth), the same Lord and Savior Jesus Christ (the Son of the living God), and the same Bible (the Word of God) that helped early AAs in Akron and Cleveland recover from and be cured of alcoholism are still available today to help alcoholics and others suffering with “life-controlling” problems. The principles and practices of the early A.A. program in Akron and Cleveland were very similar to the basic principles that had also been working in the Salvation Army, the Rescue Missions, the YMCA, and Christian Endeavor. And they can and should be made available again today to those who still suffer.
And It Will Work Today!
Alcoholics Anonymous is certainly no longer a Christian fellowship (as it was in Akron); nor does it any longer require belief in God or even in anything at all. But, for those who do believe that the Creator of the heavens and the earth still can, and wants to, heal those suffering today, an accurate knowledge of A.A. history can help. That knowledge is vital too if the healing power of God is to be passed along to those in Alcoholics Anonymous who want it and who choose to receive it. As future A.A. nonalcoholic trustee Frank Amos reported to John D. Rockefeller, Jr., the early Akron A.A. program took abstinence, God, Jesus Christ, the Bible, a life-change decision, living consistent with that decision, witnessing to others, fellowship with others, and time--lots of it. It was that simple. There were no “Steps,” and there was no “textbook.” The early AAs in Akron had Bibles. They had several Oxford Group precepts. They abstained from drinking and worked hard to avoid temptation. They relied on the Creator and His Son Jesus Christ. They endeavored to obey to God’s will—both through eliminating sin and by living a life of love and service. They sought to grow in fellowship with the Father, with His Son Jesus Christ, and with each other through Bible study, prayer, asking God for wisdom, and studying devotionals and other Christian literature. That was the program that Bill W., Dr. Bob and his wife Anne, and the other early A.A. pioneers founded in Akron during the summer of 1935. And the principles of that program can still help, and are helping, those still suffering today. As Dr. Bob—whom A.A. cofounder Bill W. called “the prince of all twelfth steppers” because he had personally helped more than 5,000 alcoholics to recover—stated in the last line of his personal story on page 181 of the Fourth Edition of Alcoholics Anonymous:
Your Heavenly Father will never let you down!
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[Your gifts, contributions, patronizing Google advertisers, and buying recommended books on our Amazon.com Associates page enable us to distribute history materials free; help fund research trips to resource sites as East Dorset, Vermont (Bill W.’s birthplace), St. Johnsbury, Vermont (Dr. Bob’s birthplace), and the Dr. Bob Core Library in St. Johnsbury, Vermont; and help us acquire the books and documents for the Wilson House and Dr. Bob’s Core Library; and to publish our findings as well as to post them on web sites of ours and of those who welcome history materials.]
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Our Pages on Dr. Bob of Alcoholics Anonymous
“The Prince of all Twelfth Steppers”
Cofounder of Alcoholics Anonymous
Dick B.
© 2008 Anonymous. All rights reserved.
Summary of Contents
(May 15, 2008)
- Picture of Robert H. Smith, M.D. (A.A.’s Dr. Bob)
- Books about Dr. Bob and Alcoholics Anonymous
- Photograph Pages
- Biographical Data
- The Dr. Bob Core Library at North Congregational Church, St. Johnsbury, Vermont
- Eulogy for Dr. Bob delivered by Dr. Walter Tunks, Rector, St. Paul’s Episcopal Church in Akron, Ohio
Books about Dr. Bob and Alcoholics Anonymous
DR. BOB and the Good Oldtimers
(NY: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc., 1980)
RHS: Co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous, Our Beloved Dr. Bob (New York: The A.A. Grapevine, Inc., 1951, 1979)
The Co-Founders of Alcoholics Anonymous: Biographical
Sketches: Their Last Major Talks (New York:
Alcoholics Anonymous World
Services, Inc., 1972, 1975)
Bob Smith and Sue Smith Windows, Children of the Healer:
The Story of Dr. Bob’s Kids (Center City, MN:
Hazelden, 1994)
Dick B., Dr. Bob and His Library: A Major A.A. Spiritual
Source, 3rd ed. (Kihei, HI: Paradise Research
Publications, Inc.,
1998)
URL: http://dickb.com/drbob.shtml
Dick B., The Akron Genesis of Alcoholics Anonymous, 2d ed. (Kihei, HI: Paradise Research Publications, Inc., 1998).
URL: http://dickb.com/Akron.shtml
Dick B., Dr. Bob of Alcoholics Anonymous: His Excellent Training in the Good Book As a Youngster in Vermont (Kihei, HI: Paradise Research Publications, Inc., 2008)
URL: http://dickb.com/drbobofaa.shtml
Dick B., Dr. Bob’s Days in St. Johnsbury,
Vermont–working title of work in progress.
Dick B., The Prince of All Twelfth Steppers: A Biography of Alcoholics Anonymous’ Cofounder Robert Holbrook Smith, M.D. (Dr. Bob)–work in progress.
A.A. History: Seven Major Spiritual Sources
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The Bible. A.A.'s basic ideas came from the Bible. For details, see Dick B., The Good Book and The Big Book: A.A.'s Roots in the Bible.
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Quiet Time and the daily devotionals--such as The Upper Room. For details, see Dick B., Good Morning!: Quiet Time, Morning Watch, Meditation, and Early A.A.
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The teachings of the Rev. Sam Shoemaker, Rector of Calvary Episcopal Church in New York. For details, see Dick B., New Light on Alcoholism: God, Sam Shoemaker, and A.A.
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The life-changing program of the Oxford Group. For details, see Dick B., The Oxford Group & Alcoholics Anonymous: A Design for Living that Works.
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Anne Smith's spiritual journal (the journal kept and shared from 1933 to 1939 by Dr. Bob's wife with alcoholics and their families). For details, see Dick B., Anne Smith's Journal, 1933-1939.
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The Christian literature early AAs read for spiritual growth. For details, see Dick B., Dr. Bob and His Library; Anne Smith's Journal; The Akron Genesis of Alcoholics Anonymous; The Books Early AAs Read for Spiritual Growth; and Bill Pittman, AA: The Way It Began.
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The United Christian Endeavor Society--a worldwide organization, numbering 3,500,000 members at its peak, consisting primarily of young people supporting their particular church. It espoused most of the principles and practices that characterized the unique Akron A.A. Christian Fellowship program. For details, see Dick B., When Early AAs Were Cured. And Why; The James Club.
Additional Big Book and 12 Step Sources:
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William Duncan Silkworth, M.D. See the new biography of his life, Silkworth: The Little Doctor Who Loved Drunks: The Biography of William Duncan Silkworth, M.D. by Dale Mitchel
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Carl Gustav Jung. See The Conversion of Bill W. by Dick B.
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William James, M.D. See The Varieties of Religious Experience.
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Richard Peabody, lay-therapist. See The Common Sense of Drinking.
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The New Thought Movement. See Mel B.’s New Wine: The Spiritual Roots of the Twelve Step Miracle.
For more information about the role of William D. Silkworth, M.D., in early A.A., please see Dick B.'s article "Dr. Silkworth on Jesus Christ;" the new Silkworth biography from Hazelden; and this excellent site: Silkworth.net.
Alcoholics Anonymous History
An Important Lifetime Value
from Dick B.
Buy Dick B.’s Entire Reference Set
29 titles in all; updated, revised
This one-of-a-kind early A.A. History reference set provides a book to study and
learn at leisure
on
Every A.A. Subject from Anne Smith, to Bible, to Bill W., to
Carl Jung, to Wm. James to Quiet Time Devotionals to
Books Pioneers Read to Salvation Army to Silkworth
You receive a large discount
Contact Dick B at
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Individuals, Groups, Study Meetings, Treatment,
Fellowships, and Sponsors
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Contact Dick B. Many members of the pioneer Akron A.A. fellowship overcame their problems by (establishing or) deepening their relationship with God through Jesus Christ. If you want help following in their footsteps, please contact me:
Dick B. (808) 874-4876 |
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We strongly recommend that you acquire and study the A.A. Conference-Approved pamphlet, The Co-Founders of Alcoholics Anonymous: Biographical Sketches: Their Last Major Talks (New York, NY: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc., 1972, 1975). |
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Featured |
| "Why Bill Wilson Came Firmly to Believe That Alcoholism Could Be Cured by Conversion" |
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by Dick B.
© 2008 Anonymous. All rights reserved For many years during his childhood, Bill Wilson repeatedly heard that his paternal grandfather William C. (“Willie”) Wilson had been cured of alcoholism in a conversion experience atop Mt. Aeolus in Bill’s home town village of East Dorset, Vermont. Throughout his youth, Bill was exposed to the account of his grandfather’s conversion and cure of alcoholism. And his exposure to the Bible, to religious training, and to spiritual growth was far more substantial than has previously been known. |
| "A.A.’s History Gap Problem" |
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by Dick B.
© 2008 Anonymous. All rights reserved About 1990, I began looking for the evidence of A.A. history, and I looked in many parts of the United States and England. I found that nobody had unearthed and reported the books in Dr. Bob’s Library. Next, I found that nobody had researched or described Anne Smith’s journal. Next, I found that nobody had adequately described the required “Quiet Time” practices. Next, I found that nobody had described the “surrender” upstairs ceremony where AAs had made the required decision for Christ. Next, I found that nobody had related the immense amount of Oxford Group writings and history to the ideas from that program that Bill Wilson codified in the Big Book and Twelve Steps. Next, I found that nobody had reported on Sam Shoemaker’s personal journal entries about Bill Wilson, nor reported on the substantial correspondence between Bill W. and Sam. And there was a lot more that was hidden under the rocks. |
| "A. A. 'Conference Approved' Questions, Approaches, Answers" |
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by Dick B.
© 2008 Anonymous. All rights reserved There is no index of “forbidden books” in Alcoholics Anonymous “The answer to our problems was in the Good Book”: But we were convinced that the answer to our problems was in the Good Book. To some of us older ones, the parts that we found absolutely essential were the Sermon on the Mount, the thirteenth chapter of First Corinthians, and the Book of James. [Source: The Cofounders of Alcoholics Anonymous: Biographical sketches Their Last Major Talks (NY: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc., 1972, 1975), 13] “AAs are free to read any book they choose”:
Bill W. wrote
Barry Collins about the Minneapolis book in November 1950: |
| "Healing the Alcoholic: The Creator, A.A., Believers, and Richard Peabody’s Erroneous, 'No-Cure' Hypothesis" |
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by Dick B.
© 2008 Anonymous. All rights reserved Bill Wilson stated plainly enough: “Henrietta, the Lord has been so wonderful to me curing me of this terrible disease, that I just want to keep talking about it and telling people”[1] Dr. Robert H. Smith (Dr. Bob) stated plainly enough: “But this was a man [Bill Wilson] who had experienced many years of frightful drinking, who had had most all the drunkard’s experiences known to man, but who had been cured by the very means I had been trying to employ, that is to say the spiritual approach.”[2] “One day Dr. Bob said to me, ‘Don’t you think we’d better scare up some drunks to work on?’ He phoned the nurse in charge of admissions at Akron City Hospital and told her how he and another drunk from New York had a cure for alcoholism.”[3] A.A. Number Three, attorney Bill Dotson, echoed Bill Wilson’s cure statement, and stated very plainly: “That sentence, ‘The Lord has been so wonderful to me, curing me of this terrible disease, that I just want to keep telling people about it,’ has been a sort of golden text for the A.A. program and for me.”[4] |
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"Success Rates.
Success Rates. A.A. Statistics Enough Already?" |
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by Dick B.
© 2008 Anonymous. All rights reserved The hills are alive with the sound of statistics. Statistics on A.A. success rates. Statistics on A.A. relapses. Statistics on recovery rates. Statistics on early A.A. cures. And surveys of A.A. and 12-Step populations, and other groups. Have we had enough? The search engines and the web sites might suggest a continued interest, but they don’t prove the value or need. As one who has written his share on successes, failures, and cures, I’m not prepared to discard the work already in place, whether mine or that of someone else. But I do think it’s appropriate to suggest some conditions for evaluation. The conditions:
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"A.A.’s Spiritual Program, Co-founder Dr. Bob, and the A.A. Christian Endeavor Society Factor from
Dr. Bob’s Youth" |
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by Dick B.
A Look at the Early A.A. Program that When Bill Wilson met Dr. Bob Smith at Henrietta Seiberling's Gate Lodge Home in Akron on Mother's Day of 1935, each man had some strong alcoholism recovery factors stored away in his mind. Bill Wilson brought to the table three major spiritual ideas that Dr. Bob had simply not implemented in his previous Christian walk. (1) Because of the deadly, downward spiral of drunkenness, relief could not come by willpower or human aid alone. (2) The experience of Dr. Carl Gustav Jung as to the efficacy of conversion as a cure, and the experience of Dr. William D. Silkworth as to the efficacy of relying on the Great Physician (Jesus Christ) for complete cure. (3) The vital importance of telling others still suffering about the healing that could be achieved through the power of God. |
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"A.A.’s Dr. Bob: |
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by Dick B.
When I first arrived in A.A. in the spring of 1986, if anyone had mentioned the name “Dr. Bob,” the remark would either have passed me by. Or I would have asked, “Who is he?” I didn’t know, and I hadn’t heard—and not for quite some time thereafter. Then the young man, now dead of alcoholism, asked me if I knew A.A. had come from the Bible. When I answered, “No.” He suggested I read DR. BOB and the Good Old Timers and also remarked that the A.A. pioneers had been so interested in studying the Bible that they wanted to call A.A. “The James Club.” And I won’t repeat what I’ve since written about The Akron Genesis of A.A., The Good Book and The Big Book, Dr. Bob and His Library, The James Club, the AA of Akron pamphlets, and all the rest. But there was still a gaping hole in my knowledge of what Dr. Bob himself had meant when he said he had “refreshed” his memory of the Bible and had received “excellent training” in that as a youngster. He had also spoken of his four-times-a-week attendance at church, and also of his participation in Christian Endeavor. |
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by Dick B.
Shortly after I got sober 21 years ago, I began hearing in Alcoholics Anonymous meetings the words “higher power.” Hearing them as if the speakers were referring to Almighty God. And, in the Big Book, Fourth Edition, for example, Bill Wilson actually did continue to refer to Almighty God when he twice and only twice used the expression “higher power.” You will see that when you read pages 43, 45, 46, and 100 of Alcoholics Anonymous, 4 th ed. You can also count the number of times Bill specifically referred to Almighty God with a capital “G.” There were over 400 references to “God” including capitalized pronouns and Biblical references like Creater, Maker, Father, Spirit, etc. In Bill’s early writings, the “higher power” words referring to the Creator were undiluted with “choose your own conception” (not in the original manuscripts). Undiluted with “God as we understood Him” (which appears to have come from the many Oxford Group and Anne Smith references to “as much of God as you know” and Shoemaker’s “God as you understand Him”). |
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by Dick B.
Early in its founding years, A.A.’s co-founder Bill Wilson put the torch to the idea that A.A. sprang from just one source. He said frankly that nobody invented A.A. He said all its ideas were borrowed. And Dr. Bob broadened the source picture by pointing out that all the basic ideas came from the Pioneers’ study of the Bible. Unfortunately, neither co-founder put in writing in one place all the well-springs that produced the streams in A.A. Consequently commentators, both favorable to and critical of A.A., have had a field day with discussions of our roots. Most of them have a number of erroneous concepts so embedded in their historical approaches that they just never tell it like it is or like it was. Those who don’t like the Bible say that we left it behind in Akron. Those who don’t like the Oxford Group say that it taught us more about what not to do than what to do. And those who don’t like either the Bible or the Oxford Group have tried to quiet the waters by diverting the stream. They say A.A. is “spiritual, but not religious” even though any well-informed historian, scholar, clergyman, and semanticist would probably ask: “And what’s the difference?” Nobody really knows, but the distinction without a difference leaves many in a peaceful atheistic no man’s land. |
| "Put A.A.-12 Step Speakers, Sponsors, and Counselors To Work!" |
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by Dick B.
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| A Great Song! |
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Email: dickb@dickb.com
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